Janina Dill co-authored a new report by the European Nuclear Study Group assessing Europe's options to maintain a credible deterrence posture in the face of continued aggression from Russia and an increasingly strained transatlantic relationship.
Drawing on workshop discussions since early 2024, five distinct options are evaluated. From continued reliance on the US nuclear umbrella, to strengthening French and British deterrence roles, to building a common European deterrent, pursuing new national programmes, or relying solely on conventional forces.
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