Matthew Sharp, previously a postdoctoral fellow at the Blavatnik School, has published an article in the World Bank Research Observer called 'Revisiting the Measurement of Digital Inclusion', based on an initial Working Paper he produced while at the School as part of the Digital Pathways programme.

As digital transformation is now central to development, there is a pressing need for standardised, accurate measures for digital inclusion. Matthew's paper sets out a framework of core components of digital inclusion—including access/use, quality of access/use, affordability, and digital skills. The paper then surveys the ways these components are currently measured in household and firm surveys and by international organisations. The paper highlights some often-overlooked weaknesses of current measures, and suggests possible improvements. 

The World Bank Research Observer seeks to inform nonspecialist readers about research being undertaken within the Bank and outside the Bank in areas of economics relevant for development policy.